the Encyclopedia of opening

the science History helps to recreate it anew in logic unity, promoting the newest integration tendencies in its development.

A.Shamin

Before you a site, which purpose - to acquaint with history of the discoveries which have laid the foundation for modern natural sciences - physicists, chemistry, biology, sciences about the Earth. Opening is a detection before unknown to the person, but objectively existing in the nature of law, the phenomenon or communication of the phenomena with each other. Opening predetermine occurrence of new technologies, ways of activity, medical products, scientific and technical workings out, promote formation of new outlook. The history of opening, let at all very detailed, allows to see a way of advancement of human reason to validity knowledge, and shows not only an end result, but also process of creative searches, at times long and painful, full doubts and demanding infinite experiments. But, thanks to selfless service to a science of scientists, the mankind built the future, passing from antique times to Renaissance, then to Great geographical opening, a classical explanation of laws of the nature I.Newton etc. People built temples and cities, invented the various cars changing living conditions and allowing to connect among themselves most remote corners of our planet. The person left in ъюёьюё... On change to an industrial society in the end of the XX-th century the information has come. All development of a modern civilisation represents infinite dialectic sequence of search by people of law in knowledge of the natural and social phenomena.

Reflecting on a science - one of influential systems of beliefs of left 2nd millenium - about its fascinating history and uneasy problems, comprehending its way more than for 4000 years, from priests of Ancient Egypt to the Greek civilisation and from Falesa Miletsky up to now, we try to systematise somehow it, to place on it the basic marks, since supervision ancient the star sky and finishing the newest hypotheses and theories concerning occurrence of the Universe and human body possibilities. We do not know precisely where when also who has noticed for the first time useful properties of fire, has invented an axe and a knife, to the first of people has given to a stone or a piece of a tree the wheel form. It is difficult to present, the list of opening - achievements of human thought is how much great. Steels some of them for us so habitual that, apparently, were always known. In fast rate of a modern life and a continuous stream of the new information we do not have time to stop and think of by what we are obliged to a science.

Its history is noted not only opening, but also names of their creators. Everything that is created now and it will be opened in the future, would be impossible without geniuses of the last epoch and work of modern scientists persistently aspiring to true. Among them were, along with disinterested attendants of a science, and fighters for titles, and glory selectors. But also those, and others joint efforts have constructed the world in which we live. Certainly, in 3rd millenium we will be surprised with new expected and unexpected opening. What will they bring to mankind? It depends on us and our aspiration to make the house - the Earth krashe and is more safe, and also from common sense which will allow to estimate truly value of discoveries and to protect all inhabitants of a planet from degradation and disappearance.

On book pages about discoveries we read about Kopernik and Galilee, Newton and Lavoisier, Lomonosov and Mendeleyev, Planck and Einstein, Mendel and Vavilov, Watson and Shout, Delbrjuke and Timofeeve-Resovsky and many, many other things. And how many unknown scientists the ideas and experiments have prepared the culmination moment of opening? How many ideas still remain at level of hypotheses and waits for the experimental acknowledgement? But, as scientists speak, wandering in darkness deduces sooner or later to light. The science shines a way of mankind and in 3rd millenium.

The History of development of a science about world around is broken in the book into some stages:

- Background (antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance - V century

BC - XVI century);

- Natural sciences formation (nach. XVII - 80th of XVII century);

- The classical physics, chemistry, biology (a game. XVII - nach. XX century);

- Modern sciences about the nature and the person: the period lomki classical canons (1905-1931); conditional stabilisation on a new basis (1932-1954); knowledge of a microcosm and the Universe (1955-1974); studying of laws ' strange ' the world where are closed micro- and a macrocosmos, the world of a matter and the spirit world (after 1974).

In the end of each section a personnel of scientists and the short dictionary of terms is resulted.

Composers hope that the book about opening will be useful to all inquisitive people, those who is not indifferent to science achievements, is interested its past and predicts the future. Usually, and scientists know it, the brilliant ideas are born not from systematic development of any direction, and arise unexpectedly and roughly. It has induced Nilsa of the Pine forest to choose such criterion for approbation of new idea: and whether enough it is mad? New time and new aspirations can bring to mankind as conquest of unknown forces of the nature, and new disappointments. And this process of knowledge is infinite.