Atmosphere. Dalton

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But what such water steam? Thought that the substance in all three conditions - gaseous, liquid and firm - consists of atoms, many scientists of that time, but without some serious proofs accepted. Dalton has undertaken detailed studying of gases. It has opened the law known as the law partsialnyh of pressure (1801), and also the law of dependence of solubility of liquids and gases from change the pressure (1803) which have received his name. Experiences of Daltona were not so exact, as he spent their most part by means of self-made devices, however they were of great importance. Dalton has come to a conclusion that it is possible to explain the results received by it proceeding from representation about atoms though and to it other scientists considered a question on existence ' the smallest particles '.

Under the influence of what this idea has taken shape at it, precisely it is not known. Dalton the next years differently told about it to different people. So sometimes happens in a science: any idea can appear inexplicably, and its author can not know precisely as to it has come. Perhaps, most likely, it has arisen thanks to distribution of studying of gases on hydrocarbons, such, as methane. Dalton has found out thus unequal proportions of carbon and hydrogen in various components of gases and has come to a conclusion that it is possible to explain the specified properties, having assumed that gases consist of the smallest particles - the molecules containing small amounts still of smaller particles which we name now atoms. Dalton has established relative weight of these atoms and, having extended the representations to other connections, such as water, dioxide of carbon and ammonia, has included in the list and other atoms, for example atoms of oxygen and nitrogen, and for the first time has entered concept ' nuclear weight '.

Dannye Daltona were rough enough, and some of its chemical formulas, for example the formula BUT for water, are incorrect. But the revolution made by Daltonom in a science, had fundamental value. The nuclear theory has received, at last, quantitative expression.