Atmosphere. Evandzhelist Torrichelli

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Approximately during the same time other scientists have been occupied by experiments, less effective, but giving has more information. For example, Galilej was a sign with the strange fact known from practice which consisted that any soaking up pump could not lift water on height more than 10 metres. The scientist has assumed that this fact could be connected with the pressure made by atmosphere, or, on expression of that time, represented a measure ' disgust of the nature for emptiness '. The Italian physicist and the mathematician, the pupil Galilee, Evandzhelista Torrichelli (1608-1647), has decided to check up this assumption. He has understood that application of heavier liquid, we will tell mercury, would allow to reduce its device till the convenient sizes.

E.Torrichelli, like the teacher, was the supporter of experience and only on this basis formulated the sights. Continuing researches Galilee, it has defined height and weight of an air column, and also its pressure upon water. Definition of height of a column of mercury in the closed tubes was result of these researches. Torrichelli has proved that this height makes about 1/14 heights of a mercury column. It has defined also that the height of a column of mercury is changeable, and varies day by day depending on changes of atmospheric pressure.

In 1644 Torrichelli has designed the first mercury barometre - the device intended for measurement of atmospheric pressure and has published work on hydrodynamics as which it is possible to consider as the beginning of development of this branch of physics. He also was engaged in optics, improved telescopes, was able to blow glass balls which to the microscope invention served as strong magnifying glasses in scientific supervision. Torrichelli also has made vacuum definition (torrichellieva emptiness).