Antiquity. Aristotle's philosophical system

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In the philosophical system Aristotle has made attempt to unite materialism of Demokrita and Platon's idealism. Р1м valuable thoughts and the positions which had huge value for the further development of philosophy have been stated many.

Aristotle posesses also a number of historical products. From reached us the greatest interest represents ' Athenian politija ', giving a historical sketch of development of the Athenian state and a regular statement of bases of the Athenian constitution.

' ' it is considered to be the Father of history Gerodota, native Galikarnasa (in Asia Minor). He lived in V century BC, and its feather posesses historical product in nine books, named usually ' History ' or ' Muses '. This work of Gerodota is devoted basically to the Greek-Persian wars, but the author on a statement course makes the big digressions to history of Egypt, Persia, Skifii.

Athenian Fukidid (460-395 BC), the author of work about the Peloponnessky war which participant it was was Other outstanding historian. In product of Fukidida we face for the first time receptions and methods of historical criticism, with attempt to give a plain statement of historical events.

It is necessary to mention and other Athenian historian Ksenofonte (430-355 BC), the author of numerous historical compositions from which the Greek history ', being.prodolzheniem work of Fukidida is most known '.

So the beginning of a historical science has been put.

From Alexander's death to a gain Rome Greece and the Near East it is accepted to name the Period the period ellinizma. Under ellinizmom the domination establishment in the Near East and interference of two civilisations is understood: Greek and east - their economy, political forms and culture. The intellectual and cultural life in a number ellinisticheskih the states was in full swing. There were such large centres of a science and art, as Antiohija, capital of a kingdom Selevkidov, or Alexandria, capital of Ptolemeevsky Egypt. In Alexandria the remarkable scientific institution which has glorified this city has been created. It was called as the Museum (Musejon, that is a temple of muses) and represented simultaneously extensive library, any meeting of rare subjects and products of arts, and also meeting place of scientists where there were scientific meetings and debates. The Ellinistichesky epoch has given a number of the largest names of mathematicians, astronomers, geographers.