Movement. Galileo Galilej

you are: Movement

The Outstanding Italian physicist and astronomer Galileo Galilej (1564-1642) was the creator of an experimental method in the physicist. Carefully thought over experiment, branch of minor factors from the main thing in the studied phenomenon - such is its method. By means of this method of Galilej has put initial bases of dynamics. He has managed to show, what not speed, and acceleration is a consequence of external influence on a body.

In the work ' Conversations and the mathematical proofs, concerning two branches эрѕъш... ' (1638) Galilej are proved convincingly by this conclusion representing opening of the law of inertia on which the body if on it no forces operate, is in rest or moves rectilinearly and in regular intervals as much as long time.

Really, the person who is in the chamber closed from different directions, cannot know, it or not while the chamber is in a condition of uniform movement moves; the person is capable to perceive only changes in movement - acceleration.

Galilej says that the body, moving without a friction on a horizontal plane, will continue to move with constant speed; this statement meant a resolute withdrawal from Aristotle's theory.

Thus, Galilej has made the first big stride in the physicist: he was convinced that changes in movement, instead of uniform movement in itself are important; acceleration - here that is essential. Having come to such conclusion, it has started to study acceleration of freely falling body. Galilej considered that the body at free falling moves with constant acceleration, and aspired to find therefore communication between distance passed at falling and time. At studying of free falling of bodies of Galilej has faced a difficult problem of measurement of time. He has thought up a way to slow down falling process, having forced a body to move on an inclined plane with a small bias. Knowing theoretically that only the movement scale thus should vary, it has made the following experiment. On cut in a piece of firm wood to strictly rectilinear trench with well polished walls, established at an angle to horizon, originally based bronze sphere rolled down downwards. The scientist measured time of passage by a sphere of pieces of a way of different length. As exact hours at that time have not been invented yet, Galilej weighed the water following from the big tank through a thin tube during moving of a sphere from one point of a trench to another. It it was revealed that this time in accuracy is proportional to a root square of the passed distance according to the assumption of constant acceleration, that is its prediction is confirmed.