Movement. Henry Kavendish

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In 1798 the well-known English physicist and chemist Henry Kavendish (1731-1810) with the help krutilnyh scales has conducted experiments, investigating interaction of bodies under the influence of gravitation which have allowed it to calculate average density of the Earth.

Krutilnye scales were the most sensitive among known then devices, they were used most advantageously by Kulon (1736 1806) for measurement of electrostatic and magnetic forces. Experiment has been begun by John Mitchell who has constructed the device, but has died before the smog takes advantage of it, so the device has passed to Kavendishu. Kavendish has so improved it that has actually created the new device; with its help it has made the well-known experiment on measurement G - the gravitational constant, described in magazine ' Philosophical messages of a royal society ' in 1798 carefulness from what it has been put, and the safety measures accepted on purpose to exclude a regular error was Distinctive feature of experiment of Kavendisha.

To within seven percent of Kavendish has established that average relative density of the Earth is equal 5,47 g / This result see had paramount value for physics as has given a measure for definition of weight of planets and the Sun - the first step to knowledge of Solar system. The scientist spent the experiments sometimes with danger to a life: investigating influence of the electric category on air, it has opened the phenomenon of formation of oxides of nitrogen. In two hundred years on this basis there was a whole industry on nitric acid reception.

Kavendish has established influence of environment on capacity of the condenser and has defined dielectric permeability of some substances. In 1798 it with the help krutilnyh scales has measured a mutual attraction of two small spheres, thereby, having confirmed the universal gravitation law, has defined a gravitational constant, weight and density of the Earth, and also has established air structure (the oxygen maintenance in it). As well as Lomonosov, Kavendish held the opinion that warmth is a consequence of internal movement of particles of which all bodies consist.

In 1796 it has allocated in the liquid state hydrogen, has established its properties and has shown that water can be received by connection of hydrogen with oxygen.