Antiquity. Go the Show jing

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In a science the name medieval Chinese scientific Go of the Show jing (1231-1316) which was a member of chamber of scientists at an imperial court yard, the main astronomer and the inspector of irrigational constructions has remained. Under its project the observatory in Chzhungou where a sundial (gnomon) by height 12,8 m.

Go the Show jing has created 13 astronomical devices with the arches divided into degrees and quarters of degrees (armilljarnye spheres, kvadranty, celestial globes, etc.). Whether he has developed a calendar ' Shoushi ' which has been entered in China in 1281 Duration of year agrees to it made 365,2425 days, that is as much, how many on a modern Gregorian calendar.

As Go the Show jing was the opponent of an astrology, under its insisting the sections devoted to predictions of terrestrial events on an arrangement of heavenly bodies have been excluded from a calendar.

In the same XIII century William from Okkama (1281 1394) has entered a science of knowledge of the nature one of the basic methodological principles - for an explanation of the reasons of again found out phenomena it is not necessary to involve new, unknown, forces and to be limited already existing (' razor Okkama '). He was born nearby to London, in a county Surrey, was trained at the Oxford seminary student D.Scott, has received degree of theology and a nickname ' the invincible teacher '. The divinity was his life business, in due course it became a considerable figure in an award of Franciscans, but into science history has entered almost exclusively thanks to the principle found it ' razors Okkama '. He said also that ' ...ь№ should not accept any position, as not subject to a substantiation, if only it not a logic conclusion, or something which have been checked up on experience, or the pious instruction demanding from us to arrive so, instead of шэрёх... '

It is A lot of compositions of Okkama has remained till now: ' Dialogue ', ' the Arch of all logic ', ' Interpretation ' Physicists ' Aristotle ', ' nature Philosophy ' and others.