Optics. Christians of Gjujgens

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There is very curious problem. Now it is necessary to refuse already accepted hypothesis about uniform behaviour of light and not only to enter the new mechanism of refraction, but also to offer any explanation to the nature of light which would be co-ordinated with the observable phenomena. The first step has soon been made, and in 1690 Christians of Gjujgens (1629-1695) has developed already a complete theory.

Now we know Gjujgensa first of all as the founder of the wave theory of light. It has put forward a hypothesis that light has the wave nature and grows out of fluctuation ' an aether '. The concept of an aether is entered by it because only thus it was possible then to explain light distribution to vacuum. Christians of Gjujgens has explained the phenomenon of double refraction of beams in crystals of the Icelandic spar.

Being Newton's contemporary, Gjujgens not always found a due recognition. It is necessary to remember that the physics endured still the children's period; in total several decades ago the science has started a bookmark of the bases. And it was such mind which could get into the depth of the difficult phenomenon and create the theory which even has by this time changed beside the point, but only on character of a statement.

The Well-known dispute between Newton and Gjujgensom concerned problems: why one part of the world behaves differently, than another. The first asserted that light consists of corpuscles, and the second - that it represents waves. Now, of course, it is easy to say that Newton was mistaken (even Newton is not faultless!) And Gjujgens was right. We will track, how much it is possible, behind the arguments resulted by them to own advantage. Newton preferred idea korpuskuljarnosti because of rectilinear distribution of light: particles dvizhutsja on a straight line if on them no forces operate. And if light represented movement of longitudinal waves, like a sound it would be difficult to imagine how its various parts would conduct themselves differently. Really, the position of Gjujgensa is the weakest just that concerned double refraction as he assumed that light are longitudinal waves. It seemed that Gjujgens leaves from this question and hopes that other optical phenomena which will be explained later, begin to testify in favour of its wave theory.