Gaza. Ludwig Boltsman

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At the given temperature equal numbers of molecules in equal volumes create identical pressure. And it can be considered as display of the remarkable physical generalisation deduced by Ludwig Boltsmanom (1844 1906), - a principle ravnoraspredelenija energy.

According to this principle, all molecules at the given temperature should possess identical kinetic energy on the average. Hence, heavier molecules should move more slowly, than easier, and, thus, change of their speed at impact with a vessel surface will be less. Besides, as heavier molecules cross a vessel from a wall to a wall too smaller number of times in unit of time, they in a second strike smaller number of times in vessel walls. But pressure of gas is a measure of force, from which molecule operate on vessel walls. Though this force seems to a constant, actually it develops from extreme a great number of extremely small impulses. The second law of movement of Newton asserts that force is equal to weight product on change of speed in unit of time; in other words, it is equal to change of quantity of movement in unit of time which represents weight product for the speed. Thus, the average size of change of quantity of movement in unit of time, causing pressure, is proportional both to quantity of movement, and speed, that is as a result is proportional to kinetic energy. And kinetic energy, according to Boltsmanu, is identical to all molecules.

Thus, we see that gas laws represent display of the kinetic theory. The kinetic theory is applicable to all conditions of substance, but only for gases it leads to so simple laws.