Antiquity. Medical knowledge

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As to medical knowledge the widespread custom of embalming promoted acquaintance to anatomy of a human body and development of such branches of medicine, as, for example, surgery. There were some representations about heart and brain functions, cranial trepanation and treatment of a teeth were spent. Sets of surgical tools were available already during an epoch of the Ancient kingdom (a game. IV-III tys, BC).

The writing invention was the Big achievement drevneegipetskoj cultures. On a stone Egyptians applied special signs to the letter - hieroglyphs, and on the papyrus - the simplified cursive writing.

Just as in Northeast Africa the valley of Nile was a cradle of civilisations, in Forward Asia the most ancient states have arisen in a valley of the rivers of the Tiger and Euphrates, or Mesopotamia. This territory has given to the world some ancient civilisations, including Sumer and Babylon.

Shumery were reached blossoming of the civilisation about 4000 BC by Them were skilful astronomers, mathematicians, razrabota-sh special writing - a cuneiform writing.

The Babylon civilisation in Mesopotamia has arisen about 1900 BC and has existed more than 1300. In the Babylon society the religion played not a smaller role, than in Egypt. All areas of a cultural life - from the literature to a science - were under its strong influence.

Science Rudiments in ancient Babylonia have been connected with development zem-hedelija. Still in shumerijskuju an epoch here there was shestidesjate-pichnaja a notation from which up to now has remained \elenie a circle on 360 °. Vavilonjane knew four actions of arithmetics, simple fractions, were able to square number and a cube, and also to take a root. Astronomical knowledge vavilonjan were extensive enough. They have allocated five planets from among stars and have calculated their orbits. Observing of lunar phases, they have developed a calendar which had in structure year, months, days (in days of 12 hours, in an hour - W minutes).

Along with origin of the basic concepts from area various (torments in Babylon had the development and sciences which had close contact with mathematics. The astrology and the numerical mysticism (numerology) were these sciences.