Antiquity. Roger Bacon

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In XIII century in England of veins one of the greatest philosophers and scientists of the Middle Ages, a harbinger of an empirical science Roger Bacon (apprx. 1214-1292).

For the extensive knowledge it is named ' doctor mirabilis'. Studied in Oxford where became one of leading representatives of the Oxford school and has won an international recognition of the scientist and the alchemist.

Bacon Products have encyclopaedic character. They cover problems from area of mathematics, optics, ' an experimental science ' (researches by means of experiences), physiology, geology, linguistics. Contain a statement of sights at a science and theology parity, attempt klassifitsirovanija sciences, the theory of errors of human reason and the concept of moral philosophy.

Bacon underlined value of empirical (experimental) knowledge and practical importance of scientific researches in the works, acted with the program of reforms of a science, suggested to base it on methods of mathematical proofs and experiments.

Bacon has developed, by the way, the theory of refraction of light in convex glasses, has foreseen the invention of lenses, a microscope and a telescope.

One of the first in Europe, he wrote about a magnetic needle, gunpowder manufacturing, offered calendar reform. Expected possibility of many technical inventions (as, for example, the ship without sails, the flying car, mechanical means of transportation).

The program of construction of a science Proclaimed Bacon on mathematical methods of the argument and experiences laid a way of modern thought. Galilej was the continuer of this program in Renaissance.